🔹What is Terraform?

Terraform is an open-source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool used for automating and managing cloud infrastructure. It allows you to define and provision infrastructure using code.

Terraform helps you create and manage all the things you need in the digital world, such as servers, databases, and networks. You describe what you want in a simple "spell" (code), and Terraform takes care of making it happen, just like magic!

To set up Terraform locally and install the necessary dependencies, follow these steps:

 wget -O- https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg
 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
 sudo apt update && sudo apt install terraform

run the command to verify that Terraform is installed and accessible:

terraform version

🔹Why we use terraform?

We use Terraform for several important reasons:

1. Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Terraform allows us to define and manage infrastructure resources using code. This means our infrastructure setup is versioned, documented, and can be treated like software, making it easier to manage and scale.

2. Automation: Terraform automates the provisioning and management of infrastructure. It can create, modify, and delete resources as needed, reducing manual intervention and potential human errors.

3. Consistency: Terraform ensures that our infrastructure is consistent across all environments (development, testing, production, etc.). This consistency minimizes configuration drift and reduces the chances of issues when deploying applications.

4. Flexibility: Terraform supports multiple cloud providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, etc.) and other infrastructure services. This flexibility allows us to work with a variety of technologies within a single tool.

5. Collaboration: Terraform code can be shared and collaborated on by teams. This promotes knowledge sharing and standardization of infrastructure setups within organizations.

6. Scalability: As our infrastructure requirements grow, Terraform can easily scale with us. We can manage small setups to large, complex deployments using the same tool.

7. Efficiency: Terraform's "plan" and "apply" workflow allows us to preview changes before they are applied. This helps prevent costly mistakes and provides a clear view of the impact of changes.

8. Auditability: Terraform keeps a record of changes made to the infrastructure. This audit trail is valuable for compliance and troubleshooting purposes.

9. Cloud Agnostic: Terraform abstracts the underlying cloud providers, making it possible to use the same configurations across different cloud platforms. This reduces vendor lock-in.

🔹What is Infrastructure as Code (IaC)?

IaC is a concept where you represent your infrastructure setup using code. Instead of manually configuring servers and services, you define your infrastructure in a code file. This code can be versioned, shared, and automated, making it easier to manage and scale your infrastructure.

🔹What is Resource?

In Terraform, a resource is a piece of infrastructure that you want to manage. For example, an AWS EC2 instance, a Google Cloud SQL database, or a network subnet. Resources are defined in your Terraform configuration files and are the building blocks of your infrastructure.

🔹What is Provider?

A provider in Terraform is a plugin that allows Terraform to interact with a specific infrastructure platform or service. Providers are responsible for creating, updating, and deleting resources within that platform. For example, AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and many others have their own Terraform providers.

🔹Whats is State file in Terraform? What’s the importance of it ?

The Terraform state file is a crucial component of Terraform's functionality. It's a JSON or HCL file that keeps track of the current state of your infrastructure. It includes information about the resources you've created, their attributes, and their dependencies. The state file is used by Terraform to plan and apply changes to your infrastructure.

Importance of State: The state file is essential because it allows Terraform to understand the difference between your desired infrastructure configuration (defined in code) and the actual current state of your infrastructure. This understanding enables Terraform to make necessary changes to achieve the desired state when you apply your configuration.

🔹What is Desired and Current State?

In Terraform, the "desired state" is the infrastructure configuration you've defined in your Terraform code. The "current state" is the actual state of your infrastructure as recorded in the state file. Terraform continually compares the desired state with the current state and takes actions to align them, such as creating new resources, updating existing ones, or destroying resources no longer needed.